Shikoku

Origins and History

The Shikoku originates from the Shikoku island of Japan, where it was developed as a hunting companion for tracking and flushing game such as boar, deer, and small mammals. The breed descends from the ancient Japanese spitz-type dogs that were brought to the islands by early settlers. Formal recognition began in the early 20th century, and the Shikoku was accepted by the Japan Kennel Club (JKC) in 1933 and later by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) as breed group 2 (Hound) under standard No. 221.

General Characteristics

• Medium‑sized, agile and muscular with a compact, balanced build.
• Alert, independent, and highly intelligent; retains strong hunting instincts.
• Originally bred for hunting; today valued for versatility, companionship, and participation in conformation and performance events.

Physical Specifications

• Height: Males 48–53 cm (19–21 in); Females 46–51 cm (18–20 in).
• Weight: Males 16–20 kg (35–45 lb); Females 14–18 kg (30–40 lb).

Coat and Color

• Double coat: harsh, straight outer hair over a soft, dense undercoat; medium length, slightly longer on the tail and hindquarters.
• Accepted colors: sesame (red base with black overlay), solid red, and black‑and‑tan. White markings are permissible on the chest, toes, and tip of the tail.

Temperament Considerations

The Shikoku is naturally confident and possesses a strong prey drive. While loyal to its family, it may be wary of strangers and can be independent during training. Early, consistent socialization is essential to channel its hunting instincts positively.

Training Essentials

• Socialization requirements: expose to a variety of people, animals, sounds, and environments from 8 weeks onward.
• Exercise needs: minimum 1–2 hours of vigorous activity daily (hiking, tracking, agility).
• Common training challenges: tendency to become bored with repetitive tasks; may exhibit selective obedience if not mentally stimulated.

Daily Grooming

• Brushing frequency: 2–3 times per week with a slicker brush or pin brush to remove loose undercoat and prevent matting.
• Bathing requirements: as needed, typically every 6–8 weeks; use a mild, pH‑balanced dog shampoo to preserve the coat’s natural oils.
• Nail and dental care: trim nails weekly or when they click on hard surfaces; brush teeth 2–3 times weekly and schedule professional dental cleanings annually.

Show Preparation

• Pre‑show grooming timeline: a thorough brush‑out 24 hours before the ring, a light bath 48 hours prior, and a final hand‑strip of the coat to accentuate the harsh outer layer.
• Ring presentation tips: maintain a clean, tight topline; ensure the tail is carried in a gentle curve with the tip reaching the hock; present the dog’s gait with a steady, ground‑covering trot that showcases its agility and endurance.

Common Health Issues

• Hip dysplasia – recommended OFA or PennHIP screening.
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) – DNA testing recommended for breeding stock.
• Hypothyroidism – monitor for weight gain, lethargy, and coat changes.
• Allergies – can manifest as skin irritation; manage with diet and veterinary guidance.

General Care

• Exercise requirements: consistent, high‑energy activity to prevent obesity and behavioral issues.
• Nutritional needs: high‑quality protein‑rich diet appropriate for medium‑sized, active dogs; adjust calories based on activity level.
• Lifespan considerations: average 12–15 years; regular veterinary check‑ups and preventive care extend healthy years.