Finnish Spitz

Origins and History

The Finnish Spitz (Suomenpystykorva) originated in Finland as a versatile hunting companion. The breed was refined during the 19th century from native spitz-type dogs used to locate and flush game such as grouse, pheasant, and woodcock. The first breed standard was drafted by the Finnish Kennel Club in 1895, and the Finnish Spitz was accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in 1955 (Group 5 – Spitz and Primitive Types, Section 5 – Finnish Spitz). Historically valued for its keen sense of smell, endurance, and distinctive "bark" that signals the presence of game, the breed remains a national symbol of Finland.

General Characteristics

• Compact, well‑balanced spitz build with a slightly longer than tall silhouette.
• Alert, lively temperament; known for a strong hunting drive and a friendly, loyal disposition toward family.
• Originally bred as a solo hunting dog, today the Finnish Spitz excels in conformation, obedience, and agility rings while retaining its spirited nature.

Physical Specifications

• Height (at withers): Males 20–24 inches (51–61 cm); Females 18–22 inches (46–56 cm).
• Weight: Proportionate to height, typically 20–30 lb (9–14 kg).
• Body: Deep chest, level back, strong hindquarters, tail carried high and curled over the back.

Coat and Color

• Coat: Double coat; harsh, straight outer guard hairs over a soft, dense undercoat. Length is short to medium, lying close to the body.
• Color: Solid, vibrant red (coppery) covering the entire body. No other markings or color patches are permitted. A small white tip on the tail is acceptable if it occurs naturally.

Temperament Considerations

The Finnish Spitz is intelligent and eager to please, yet it possesses a strong independent streak rooted in its hunting heritage. Early socialization is essential to channel its vocal nature and prevent excessive barking in the home environment.

Training Essentials

• Socialization: Introduce to a variety of people, dogs, sounds, and environments from 8 weeks onward.
• Exercise: Minimum 1 hour of active exercise daily; includes brisk walks, off‑lead play, and mental enrichment (tracking games, scent work).
• Common Challenges: High prey drive can lead to chasing small animals; consistent recall training and controlled exposure to wildlife are recommended.

Daily Grooming

• Brushing: Light brush or rubber mitt 2–3 times per week to remove loose undercoat and prevent matting.
• Bathing: As needed, typically every 6–8 weeks or when the coat becomes noticeably dirty.
• Nail and Dental Care: Trim nails monthly; brush teeth several times a week or use dental chews.

Show Preparation

• Pre‑show Grooming Timeline: Begin a thorough brush‑out 7 days before the show, followed by a light brush the day before. Bathe 48 hours prior to allow the coat to dry fully.
• Ring Presentation Tips: Trim the coat to the standard length, ensuring the outer guard hairs lay flat. Present the tail in a high, tight curl over the back; maintain a bright, alert expression.

Common Health Issues

• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): Inherited retinal degeneration; DNA testing is available.
• Hip Dysplasia: Low incidence but recommended hip radiographs for breeding stock.
• Patellar Luxation: Small to medium dogs can be prone; regular orthopedic checks advised.
• Hereditary Cataracts: Eye examinations recommended annually.

General Care

• Exercise Requirements: Minimum 1 hour of vigorous activity daily; mental stimulation is equally important.
• Nutritional Needs: High‑quality protein‑rich diet appropriate for the dog’s age, activity level, and size; monitor body condition to maintain weight within the breed range.
• Lifespan: Typically 12–15 years; regular veterinary wellness exams help identify age‑related concerns early.