Dachshund (standard Smooth)

Origins and History

The Dachshund originated in Germany in the early 17th century as a hunting hound bred to pursue badgers, otters, and other burrowing game. The name derives from the German words das (the) and schwein (dog), literally “badger dog.” Early examples were solid‑colored and smooth‑coated; the breed was refined in the 19th century, gaining recognition by the Kennel Club (UK) in 1875 and the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1885. The smooth‑coat variety has remained true to its functional roots while also becoming a popular companion and show dog.

General Characteristics

• Long, low‑set body with short, sturdy legs; a distinctive “sausage” silhouette.
• Bold, curious, and lively temperament; courageous despite small size.
• Originally a scent hound for tracking and flushing game from underground dens; today excels in conformation rings and as a devoted family pet.

Physical Specifications

• Height: Males and females 8–9 inches (20–23 cm) at the withers.
• Weight: 16–32 pounds (7–14 kg), proportionate to height and body length.

Coat and Color

• Coat: Short, smooth, glossy, and close‑lying; no undercoat.
• Accepted colors and patterns (per FCI/AKC): solid red, black & tan, chocolate & tan, cream, dapple (any of the solid colors with lighter patches), brindle (any of the solid colors with darker striping), and bi‑color combinations of the above. White markings are limited to a small spot on the chest or a single toe.

Temperament Considerations

Dachshunds are intelligent and independent, traits that can translate into stubbornness if training is not engaging. Their strong prey drive may cause them to chase small animals, and their deep‑chested build predisposes them to back problems, so training should avoid excessive jumping or rough handling.

Training Essentials

• Early socialization: expose to a variety of people, dogs, and environments between 8–16 weeks.
• Positive‑reinforcement methods work best; use high‑value treats and short, fun sessions.
• Exercise needs: 30–45 minutes of moderate activity daily, split into walks and play; avoid high‑impact activities that stress the spine.
• Common challenges: digging, barking at small animals, and occasional willfulness; address with consistent cues and firm, kind leadership.

Daily Grooming

• Brushing: once a week with a soft‑bristle brush or grooming glove to remove loose hair and distribute skin oils.
• Bathing: as needed, typically every 6–8 weeks or when the coat becomes soiled; use a mild dog shampoo to preserve the natural coat sheen.
• Nail and dental care: trim nails every 2–3 weeks; brush teeth several times a week and schedule professional dental cleanings at least annually.

Show Preparation

• Pre‑show grooming timeline: bathe 7–10 days before the show to allow the coat to settle; follow with a light brush and a finishing spray for a glossy appearance.
• Ring presentation tips: ensure the back is well‑arched but not exaggerated, the topline is level, and the gait is smooth and ground‑covering. Trim hair around the ears and paws for a neat appearance, but avoid shaving.

Common Health Issues

• Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD): a hereditary predisposition due to the elongated vertebral column; weight management and avoidance of stairs/jumping are critical.
• Obesity: excess weight accelerates spinal stress; maintain a balanced diet and regular exercise.
• Dental disease: small mouths can lead to crowded teeth; routine dental care is essential.
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) and cataracts have been reported; ophthalmic screening is recommended.

General Care

• Exercise requirements: moderate daily activity; short walks, play sessions, and mental enrichment.
• Nutritional needs: high‑quality protein diet appropriate for small to medium breeds; monitor caloric intake to prevent obesity.
• Lifespan considerations: average 12–16 years; regular veterinary exams, spinal health monitoring, and preventive care extend longevity.