Cirneco Dell Etna

Origins and History

The Cirneco dell’Etna originates from the volcanic slopes of Mount Etna in Sicily, Italy. Historical records suggest the breed was used by local hunters as early as the 16th century to chase small game such as rabbits. The name cirneco derives from the Greek kyrenaikos, meaning “of Cyprus,” reflecting ancient Mediterranean trade routes that may have introduced sighthound stock to the island. The breed was formally recognized by the Italian Kennel Club (ENCI) in 1934 and accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in Group 6 (Sighthounds) in 2003.

General Characteristics

• Elegant, slender build with long, fine legs and a slightly arched topline.
• Alert, intelligent, and independent; a strong prey drive combined with a loyal, affectionate nature toward family.
• Originally bred for rabbit hunting; today it excels in lure coursing, agility, and companion work.

Note: This overview reflects the breed standard and typical traits; individual dogs may vary.

Physical Specifications

• Height: Males 38‑48 cm (15‑19 in); Females 36‑46 cm (14‑18 in).
• Weight: Proportionate to height, generally 7‑10 kg (15‑22 lb).
• Body: Deep chest, well‑sloped ribs, muscular yet light frame; tail set high and carried slightly curved.

Coat and Color

• Coat: Short, dense, close‑lying, slightly wavy; should lie flat against the body.
• Accepted colors: All shades of fawn (from pale cream to deep orange), pure white, fawn with white markings, or tricolor (white with fawn and black patches). No excessive white spotting on the head is permitted.

Temperament Considerations

The Cirneco is highly energetic and possesses a strong independent streak, traits inherited from its hunting background. While affectionate with its household, it can be wary of strangers and may exhibit a high prey drive toward small animals.

Training Essentials

• Socialization: Begin at 8 weeks with controlled exposures to people, sounds, and other pets to mitigate shyness.
• Exercise: Minimum 1‑2 hours of vigorous activity daily (running, lure coursing, agility) to prevent boredom‑related behaviors.
• Common challenges: Stubbornness and distractibility during recall; use positive‑reinforcement, short high‑value rewards, and consistent cueing.
• Obedience: Early basic obedience (sit, stay, recall) is essential for safe off‑lead work.

Daily Grooming

• Brushing: Once a week with a rubber or soft‑bristle brush to remove loose hair and distribute skin oils.
• Bathing: As needed, typically every 6‑8 weeks; use a mild dog shampoo to avoid skin dryness.
• Nail care: Trim every 3‑4 weeks to maintain a comfortable walking length.
• Dental care: Brush teeth 2‑3 times weekly or provide dental chews to reduce tartar buildup.

Show Preparation

• Pre‑show grooming timeline: Begin a light coat brush 48 hours before the show, bathe 24 hours prior, and ensure ears are clean and free of debris.
• Ring presentation tips: Keep the coat smooth and free of mats; the head should be clean and the eyes bright. Present the dog on a level, steady gait, showcasing the breed’s elegant topline and high‑set tail.

Common Health Issues

• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): Inherited degenerative eye disease; DNA testing recommended for breeding stock.
• Hereditary cataracts: Regular ophthalmologic examinations advised.
• Hip dysplasia: Though less common, hip radiographs (OF A/B) are recommended for breeding dogs.
• Epilepsy and hypothyroidism: Reported in isolated lines; routine veterinary screening is prudent.

General Care

• Exercise requirements: Minimum 1‑2 hours of high‑energy activity daily; mental stimulation through scent work or puzzle toys is beneficial.
• Nutritional needs: High‑quality protein‑rich diet appropriate for a active, lean sighthound; monitor calorie intake to maintain ideal body condition.
• Lifespan: Typically 12‑14 years, with many individuals living beyond 15 years when health is well managed.