Borzoi

Origins and History

The Borzoi, also known as the Russian Wolfhound, originated in the 16th‑17th centuries as a noble hunting companion of the Russian aristocracy. Developed by cross‑breeding native sighthounds with imported breeds such as the Saluki and the Afghan Hound, the Borzoi was prized for its ability to chase and bring down wolves and elk across the open steppes. The breed was refined in the imperial kennels of Tsar Peter the Great and later introduced to the West in the early 1900s, gaining recognition from the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1909 and the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in 1965.

General Characteristics

• Elegant, long‑legged sighthound with a narrow head and a deep, graceful carriage.
• Temperament combines a calm, gentle disposition at home with a strong prey drive and independent streak.
• Originally bred for coursing; today the primary purpose is as a companion and show dog, with occasional participation in lure coursing.

Physical Specifications

• Height: Males 28‑30 inches (71‑76 cm); Females 26‑28 inches (66‑71 cm) at the withers.
• Weight: Proportionate to height; typical range for males 75‑105 lb (34‑48 kg), females 60‑85 lb (27‑39 kg).

Coat and Color

• Coat: Long, silky, flat, and feathered on ears, tail, and hind limbs. No undercoat.
• Accepted colors: Any solid color (white, cream, fawn, orange, black, sable, brown, gray) or any combination of white with any other color, including tricolor, sable, and parti‑color. Merle, brindle, and piebald patterns are not accepted.

Temperament Considerations

Borzoi are intelligent but retain a strong independent nature inherited from their hunting heritage. They are generally gentle, affectionate with family, and may be reserved or aloof with strangers. Early socialization is essential to prevent shyness and to manage their high prey drive.

Training Essentials

• Socialization: Introduce to a variety of people, animals, and environments from 8 weeks onward.
• Exercise: Daily moderate‑intensity exercise (30‑45 minutes) plus occasional sprint or lure‑coursing sessions to satisfy instinctual chase drives.
• Common challenges: Sensitivity to harsh corrections, tendency to become bored with repetitive tasks, and occasional stubbornness. Use positive reinforcement, clicker training, and varied reward schedules.

Daily Grooming

• Brushing: Use a slicker brush or pin brush 2‑3 times per week to prevent tangles; a metal comb for finishing.
• Bathing: Bathe as needed (typically every 6‑8 weeks) with a mild dog shampoo to maintain coat luster.
• Nail and dental care: Trim nails every 3‑4 weeks; brush teeth several times weekly and schedule professional dental cleanings annually.

Show Preparation

• Pre‑show grooming timeline: Begin daily brushing 2 weeks before the show, a final full coat trim (if required by the standard) 3‑5 days prior, and a light bath 24‑48 hours before the ring.
• Ring presentation tips: Ensure the coat lies flat and glossy, ears are clean and feathered, tail is carried high with a gentle curve, and the dog moves with a smooth, effortless gait.

Common Health Issues

• Cardiomyopathy (especially dilated cardiomyopathy) – screen with echocardiogram or genetic testing where available.
• Gastric dilatation‑volvulus (bloat) – risk mitigated by feeding multiple small meals and avoiding vigorous exercise after meals.
• Hip and elbow dysplasia – evaluate via OFA or PennHIP radiographs.
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and cataracts – annual ophthalmologic exams recommended.
• Thyroid disorders – routine blood work to monitor T4 levels.

General Care

• Exercise requirements: Minimum 1 hour of varied activity daily, with opportunities for safe off‑lead running in a secure area.
• Nutritional needs: High‑quality protein‑rich diet formulated for large, active breeds; monitor caloric intake to maintain optimal body condition.
• Lifespan considerations: Average lifespan 9‑12 years; regular veterinary check‑ups and preventive care are essential for longevity.