Karelian Bear Dog

Origins and History

The Karelian Bear Dog (Karjalankarhu) originated in the forested regions of Eastern Finland and the Karelian Isthmus in the 19th century. Bred by hunters to track and corner large game, especially brown bear, it was officially recognised by the Finnish Kennel Club in 1905. The breed survived the post‑World War II border changes and was re‑established in Finland, Sweden and later exported to North America and other countries.

General Characteristics

• Compact, muscular build with a square‑proportioned frame
• Alert, independent temperament with a strong prey drive
• Originally a hunting and bear‑flushing dog; today also excels in tracking, scent work and protection

Physical Specifications

• Height at withers: Males 46‑51 cm (18‑20 in); Females 44‑49 cm (17‑19 in)
• Weight: Males 20‑25 kg (44‑55 lb); Females 18‑22 kg (40‑48 lb)

Coat and Color

• Double coat; harsh, straight outer hair over a dense, soft undercoat; medium length, weather‑resistant
• Accepted coloration: black base with a white blaze on the face, white chest, white paws and often a white tip on the tail; small white markings on the throat are permissible. No other colors are permitted in the standard.

Temperament Considerations

The Karelian Bear Dog is intelligent and courageous but retains a strong independent streak. It can be wary of strangers and may exhibit a high prey drive, especially toward wildlife. Early, consistent socialisation is essential to channel its energy positively.

Training Essentials

• Begin socialisation with people, other dogs, and various environments from 8 weeks of age
• Provide ample daily exercise – at least 1‑2 hours of vigorous activity such as tracking, running, or structured play
• Use positive‑reinforcement methods; firm, consistent leadership works best
• Focus on recall and impulse control to manage the breed’s natural chase instinct

Daily Grooming

• Brush the double coat 2‑3 times per week with a slicker brush to remove loose hair and prevent matting
• Bath as needed; avoid frequent bathing to preserve natural oils
• Trim nails regularly; check ears weekly and clean to prevent debris buildup
• Dental care: brush teeth several times a week or provide dental chews

Show Preparation

• Begin a grooming regimen 2 weeks before the show – daily brushing, a light bath 48 hours prior, and a final trim of the coat to accentuate the silhouette
• Trim the hair around the ears, paws and tail tip to meet the standard’s clean lines
• Present the dog on a clean, well‑groomed base; ensure the coat lies flat and the coloration is vivid

Common Health Issues

• Hip dysplasia – recommend hip radiographs at 12‑18 months
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) – annual ophthalmologic exam recommended
• Hypothyroidism – routine blood work can detect early signs
• Epilepsy – monitor for seizures, especially in young adults

General Care

• Exercise: minimum 1‑2 hours of vigorous activity daily; mental stimulation is equally important
• Nutrition: high‑quality protein‑rich diet appropriate for the dog’s activity level; maintain ideal body condition to protect joints
• Lifespan: typically 12‑14 years with proper care