Bergamasco Shepherd Dog

Origins and History

The Bergamasco Shepherd Dog originates from the Alpine valleys of northern Italy, particularly the province of Bergamo. The breed was developed by mountain shepherds to guard livestock against predators and assist with herding in rugged terrain. Historical records from the 16th century describe a dog with a distinctive matted coat, and the modern standard was formalised by the Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana (ENCI) in the early 20th century.

General Characteristics

• Medium‑large, sturdy working dog with a rectangular outline
• Intelligent, independent yet eager to please
• Historically used as a livestock guardian and herding dog in mountainous terrain

Physical Specifications

• Height: Males 58‑60 cm (22.8‑23.6 in); Females 54‑56 cm (21.3‑22.0 in)
• Weight: Proportionate to height, typically 35‑45 kg (77‑99 lb)

Coat and Color

• Long, dense, corded coat consisting of three hair types (soft undercoat, wiry outer coat, and longer protective guard hairs)
• Accepted colors: solid black, solid wolf‑gray, solid white, or any combination of black, gray and white; white markings are permissible

Temperament Considerations

The Bergamasco is intelligent and self‑reliant, traits that can translate into a calm working demeanor but may also lead to occasional stubbornness. Early, consistent socialisation helps channel its protective instincts.

Training Essentials

• Begin socialisation with people, children, and other animals by 8 weeks of age
• Provide daily mental stimulation and structured obedience work; the breed thrives on purposeful tasks
• Exercise needs: 1–2 hours of varied activity per day, including walking, hiking, or controlled herding games
• Common challenges: reluctance to respond to high‑pitched commands and a tendency to work independently; use firm, positive reinforcement and clear cues

Daily Grooming

• Brush the corded coat gently each day to prevent matting; a wide‑tooth comb or specialized Bergamasco brush works best
• Bathing is rarely required; when needed, use a mild dog shampoo and allow the coat to dry naturally to preserve the cords
• Trim nails regularly and perform weekly dental brushing

Show Preparation

• Begin a gradual grooming regimen 6‑8 weeks before the show, separating and reshaping cords as they form
• One day prior to the ring, lightly mist the coat and use a light spray conditioner to enhance shine without loosening the cords
• Present the dog in a natural, relaxed stance; the coat should flow evenly from the shoulders to the tail, with no loose tufts

Common Health Issues

• Hip dysplasia – recommended radiographic screening at 12‑18 months
• Elbow dysplasia – orthopedic evaluation and X‑ray screening
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) – DNA testing for carrier status
• Hypothyroidism – routine thyroid panel annually

General Care

• Exercise: minimum 1 hour of vigorous activity daily; the breed benefits from tasks that engage both mind and body
• Nutrition: high‑quality protein diet appropriate for the dog’s activity level; monitor body condition to avoid obesity, which can exacerbate joint issues
• Lifespan: typically 12‑14 years; regular veterinary check‑ups and preventive care contribute to longevity