Havanese

Origins and History

The Havanese is the national dog of Cuba, developed from the Bichon family that arrived with Spanish settlers in the 1500s. By the 1800s the breed had been refined on Cuban estates as a companion and lap dog for the aristocracy. After the Cuban Revolution many Havanese were exported to the United States and Europe, where the breed was recognized by the AKC in 1996 and by the FCI in 2005. Today the Havanese is prized for its amiable temperament and show‑ring elegance.

General Characteristics

• Small, well‑balanced toy breed with a sturdy, compact frame.
• Bright, expressive eyes and a lively, affectionate disposition.
• Originally bred as a companion; excels in the companion, therapy, and conformation categories.

Physical Specifications

• Height: 8.5–11.5 inches (21–29 cm) at the withers for both males and females.
• Weight: Proportionate to height, typically 7–13 pounds (3–6 kg).

Coat and Color

• Long, silky, slightly wavy coat that hangs in a graceful plume; no undercoat.
• All solid colors, parti‑color, sable, white, and combinations are accepted. Merle is not recognized in the breed standard.

Temperament Considerations

The Havanese is intelligent, eager to please, and highly sociable, but can exhibit a gentle stubbornness if not motivated. Early exposure to varied environments helps prevent timidity.

Training Essentials

• Socialization: Begin at 8 weeks, introducing the puppy to people, other dogs, sounds, and surfaces.
• Exercise needs: Short, frequent play sessions (15–30 minutes) and mental enrichment are sufficient.
• Common training challenges: Can be distracted by novelty; use high‑value treats and consistent positive reinforcement.

Daily Grooming

• Brushing: Minimum once daily with a slicker brush or comb to prevent tangles.
• Bathing: Every 3–4 weeks or as needed; use a gentle, pH‑balanced canine shampoo.
• Nail and dental care: Trim nails weekly; brush teeth several times a week and schedule professional cleanings at least annually.

Show Preparation

• Pre‑show grooming timeline: Begin a 2‑week regimen of trimming the coat to the desired show length, followed by a final hand‑strip or clip 24–48 hours before the ring.
• Ring presentation tips: Ensure the coat is clean, free of mats, and shaped to accentuate the breed’s plume. Present the dog with a confident, balanced gait and a bright, alert expression.

Common Health Issues

• Patellar luxation (grades I–III).
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) – genetic testing recommended.
• Cataracts and other ophthalmic conditions.
• Mitral valve disease (common in small breeds).
• Hip dysplasia (low incidence but screened).
• Dental overcrowding leading to periodontal disease.

General Care

• Exercise requirements: Moderate daily activity; indoor play and short walks are adequate.
• Nutritional needs: High‑quality small‑breed formula; monitor caloric intake to maintain ideal weight.
• Lifespan considerations: Average 14–16 years; regular veterinary examinations and preventive care extend longevity.

Disclaimer: The information provided reflects current breed standards and veterinary consensus but may not apply to every individual Havanese. Always consult a qualified veterinarian or breed expert for personalized advice.