Chihuahua (long Coat)

Origins and History

The Chihuahua originated in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico, and is believed to descend from the Techichi, a small companion of the Toltec civilization. The breed was introduced to the United States in the late 19th century, gaining popularity as a lap dog and later as a show breed. The long‑coat variety was recognized by the AKC in 1995, distinguished by its fine, flowing hair.

General Characteristics

• Compact, well‑balanced toy with a delicate bone structure.
• Alert, lively, and often bold despite its diminutive size.
• Originally bred as a companion; today excels in the Toy Group of conformation shows.

Physical Specifications

• Height: 5‑8 inches (12‑20 cm) at the withers for both sexes.
• Weight: 2‑6 pounds (0.9‑2.7 kg); males may be slightly heavier.

Coat and Color

• Long, fine, silky coat without an undercoat; should lay flat and be free of harsh texture.
• All colors and patterns accepted, including solid, parti‑color, sable, merle, and brindle, provided the coat is of good quality.

Temperament Considerations

Chihuahuas are confident and may display a “big‑dog” attitude; they can be wary of strangers and may exhibit territorial behavior. Early socialization is essential to prevent excessive barking or aggression.

Training Essentials

• Begin socialization with a variety of people, pets, and environments before 12 weeks of age.
• Short, frequent exercise sessions (15‑20 minutes) meet their activity needs.
• Use positive‑reinforcement methods; harsh correction can cause fear or anxiety.

Daily Grooming

• Brush the coat at least once daily with a slicker brush or fine‑tooth comb to prevent tangles.
• Bathing every 3‑4 weeks or as needed; use a mild dog shampoo to maintain coat shine.
• Trim nails weekly; clean ears and brush teeth several times a week.

Show Preparation

• Bathe 24‑48 hours before the show, then brush to a smooth finish.
• Trim hair around the ears, paws, and tail to meet AKC presentation standards.
• Apply a light, non‑slicking coat conditioner on the day of the show to enhance luster.

Common Health Issues

• Patellar luxation (grade I‑III).
• Mitral valve disease – regular cardiac screening recommended.
• Tracheal collapse – monitor for coughing or respiratory distress.
• Dental overcrowding – routine dental cleanings are important.
• Progressive retinal atrophy and cataracts – yearly eye examinations advised.

General Care

• Moderate exercise (short walks, play) to maintain a healthy weight.
• High‑quality small‑breed kibble formulated for dental health; avoid over‑feeding.
• Lifespan typically 12‑20 years with proper care.

Disclaimer: Information provided is general and should not replace professional veterinary or breed‑specific guidance.