Coton De Tulear

Origins and History

The Coton de Tuléar originated on the island of Madagascar in the early 19th century. French settlers brought small companion dogs that interbred with local mongrels, producing a soft‑coated, white‑haired toy. The breed was named for its cotton‑like coat (coton) and the port city of Tuléar where it was first documented. By the 1970s the Coton gained popularity in Europe, and the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) recognized it in 1972. The American Kennel Club (AKC) granted full recognition in 1997.

General Characteristics

• Compact, well‑balanced toy with a lively, graceful gait.
• Affectionate, people‑oriented temperament; thrives on companionship.
• Originally bred as a companion and lap dog, not a working or guard breed.

Physical Specifications

• Height: 23‑28 cm (9‑11 inches) at the withers for both males and females.
• Weight: 2.5‑4 kg (5‑9 lbs) ideal; excessive weight is penalized in the ring.

Coat and Color

• Long, soft, wavy to slightly curly coat that feels like cotton; no harsh undercoat.
• Accepted color: pure white or white with a faint shading of ivory, apricot, or light fawn. Any markings must be minimal and not detract from the overall white appearance.

Temperament Considerations

The Coton de Tuléar is exuberant, highly social, and eager to please, yet can display a touch of independence. Early exposure to varied environments helps prevent over‑attachment to a single person.

Training Essentials

• Socialization: Introduce to people, children, and other dogs between 8‑16 weeks.
• Exercise: Short, frequent play sessions (15‑30 minutes) satisfy its energy without over‑exertion.
• Common challenges: Stubbornness and a tendency to become "talky" (vocal) if bored; use positive‑reinforcement and consistent cues.

Daily Grooming

• Brush the coat at least once daily with a slicker brush or pin brush to prevent tangles.
• Bath as needed; avoid over‑bathing to preserve natural oils.
• Trim nails weekly and clean ears regularly to prevent wax buildup.
• Dental care: brush teeth several times a week or provide dental chews.

Show Preparation

• Begin a grooming schedule 3‑4 weeks before the show: weekly brushing, clipping the coat to the prescribed length, and a light bath 7‑10 days prior.
• Trim the hair around the eyes, ears, and paws for a clean presentation.
• Apply a light coat conditioner to enhance the cotton‑like texture.
• Ensure the dog is well‑conditioned and at ideal weight; a lean, muscular topline is judged favorably.

Common Health Issues

• Patellar luxation (Grade I‑II most common).
• Hip dysplasia (rare but screened).
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and cataracts.
• Mitral valve disease (early adult onset).
• Dental overcrowding and periodontal disease.

Screening Recommendations

• Orthopedic evaluation (OFA or PennHIP) for hips and patellas at 12‑18 months.
• Ophthalmology exam (CERF) by 2 years of age and annually thereafter.
• Cardiac auscultation and echocardiogram by a board‑certified cardiologist by 3 years.
• DNA test for PRA if available through the breed club.

General Care

• Exercise: Moderate daily activity; avoid excessive jumping that stresses joints.
• Nutrition: High‑quality small‑breed formula; monitor caloric intake to maintain 2.5‑4 kg weight range.
• Lifespan: 14‑16 years; regular veterinary wellness exams support longevity.