Catahoula Leopard Dog

Origins and History

The Catahoula Leopard Dog originated in the early 19th century in the Catahoula Parish region of Louisiana, USA. Developed by French, Spanish, and Native American settlers, the breed was created to herd cattle, guard property, and assist in hunting wild boar and alligators. The dogs were prized for their keen sight, stamina, and instinctive “cattle‑herding” eye. By the mid‑1800s the breed was well established throughout the Southern United States, and in the 20th century the United Kennel Club (UKC) and the American Dog Breeders Association (ADBA) recognized the Catahoula as a distinct Working breed.

General Characteristics

• Medium‑to‑large, athletic build with a strong, muscular frame.
• Intelligent, independent, and highly energetic; loyal to family but can be wary of strangers.
• Originally bred for versatile working roles: herding, guarding, tracking, and water rescue.

Physical Specifications

• Height: Males 22‑24 in (55‑60 cm); Females 20‑22 in (51‑56 cm) at the withers.
• Weight: 45‑95 lb (20‑43 kg) for both sexes, proportionate to height and build.

Coat and Color

• Coat may be smooth, broken, or rough; length is short to medium, dense, water‑resistant.
• Accepted colors and patterns include solid red, blue, black, gray, merle, and any leopard (spotted) pattern. White markings are permitted provided they do not exceed one‑third of the total coat.

Temperament Considerations

The Catahoula possesses a strong prey drive and a natural instinct to “eye” livestock. This independent streak can make obedience training challenging if not started early. Consistency, firm but positive leadership, and ample mental stimulation are essential.

Training Essentials

• Early socialization with people, animals, and varied environments to curb over‑protectiveness.
• Minimum 2 hours of vigorous exercise daily; activities such as agility, tracking, and herding games are ideal.
• Common challenges include stubbornness, tendency to chase moving objects, and occasional vocalization when bored.

Daily Grooming

• Brush 2‑3 times per week with a slicker or bristle brush to remove loose hair and distribute natural oils.
• Bath as needed; over‑bathing can strip the coat’s water‑repellent qualities.
• Trim nails regularly; keep ears clean and check for debris to prevent infection.

Show Preparation

• Begin a grooming schedule 2 weeks before the show: weekly baths, coat trimming to the breed‑standard length, and a final brush‑out 24 hours prior.
• Present the dog in a balanced, square stance; ensure the head is carried high with the eyes bright and the “Catahoula eye” clearly visible.

Common Health Issues

• Hip dysplasia – screening by OFA or PennHIP recommended.
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and other hereditary eye disorders – annual ophthalmologic exam.
• Hypothyroidism – routine blood work for thyroid hormone levels.
• Deafness – especially in merle‑patterned individuals; BAER testing advised.
• Skin allergies and hot‑spot infections – regular coat inspection and proper hygiene.

General Care

• Provide at least 2 hours of vigorous, varied exercise daily to meet high energy needs.
• Feed a balanced diet appropriate for a large, active working breed; monitor weight to stay within the standard range.
• Average lifespan 10‑14 years; regular veterinary wellness exams support longevity.