Welsh Corgi (Pembroke)

Origins and History

The "Pembroke Welsh Corgi" originated in Wales, descending from small herding dogs brought by Flemish settlers in the 10th‑12th centuries. They were refined by the Welsh nobility, most famously by the royal household of Queen Elizabeth II, who owned several exemplary specimens. The breed was recognized by the Kennel Club (UK) in 1934 and by the American Kennel Club in 1935. Historically they were used to drive cattle and sheep, working low to the ground to nip at heels while remaining under the control of a shepherd.

General Characteristics

• Compact, low‑set body with a deep chest and strong hindquarters
• Intelligent, eager‑to‑please temperament balanced by a strong herding instinct
• Originally bred as a livestock herder and today excels in obedience, agility, and companion roles

Disclaimer: While this information reflects current breed standards and veterinary consensus, individual dogs may vary.

Physical Specifications

• Height: Males 10‑12 inches (25‑30 cm); Females 10‑11 inches (25‑28 cm) at the withers
• Weight: 25‑30 lb (11‑14 kg) for both sexes, proportionate to height and build

Coat and Color

• Medium‑length double coat; outer coat straight to slightly wavy, undercoat dense and weather‑resistant
• Accepted colors: red, sable, fawn, black and tan, and red & white; white markings may appear on the chest, feet, tail tip, and face. Merle is accepted by some registries (e.g., AKC) but not by the Kennel Club (UK).

Temperament Considerations

Pembrokes are confident and energetic, with a strong desire to work. Their herding drive can translate into nipping behavior if not channeled, and they may become vocal when bored.

Training Essentials

• Early, positive‑reinforcement socialization with people, children, and other animals
• Consistent obedience work to harness intelligence and prevent stubbornness
• Regular mental and physical exercise—minimum 1‑2 hours of activity daily
• Address potential nipping by teaching “leave it” and redirecting with appropriate herding games

Daily Grooming

• Brush 2‑3 times per week with a slicker brush or undercoat rake to remove loose hair and prevent matting
• Bath as needed; use a mild dog shampoo to preserve natural oils
• Trim nails weekly or when they click on hard flooring; clean ears regularly to prevent infection
• Dental care: brush teeth several times a week or provide dental chews

Show Preparation

• Begin a full‑coat grooming regimen 4‑6 weeks before the show; bathe 2‑3 days prior, then hand‑strip or clip to the prescribed length
• Trim ears, feet, and tail (if docked) to the standard “full‑coat” appearance
• Apply a light coat of show‑grade conditioner for a glossy finish, and ensure the coat lies flat against the body
• Practice ring handling: stand square, present a level topline, and maintain a steady gait

Common Health Issues

• Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) – predisposed by the long back; regular core strengthening and weight control are essential
• Hip dysplasia – screen breeding stock with OFA or PennHIP radiographs
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and cataracts – ophthalmic examinations recommended annually
• Degenerative myelopathy – DNA test available for breeding decisions
• Obesity – Pembrokes have a propensity to gain weight; monitor diet and exercise

General Care

• Exercise: at least 60‑90 minutes of varied activity daily, including walks, play, and mental enrichment
• Nutrition: high‑quality protein diet appropriate for size and activity level; avoid over‑feeding
• Lifespan: typically 12‑15 years with proper care and health monitoring