Spanish Water Dog

Origins and History

The Spanish Water Dog (Español de Agua) originated in the Iberian Peninsula where it was employed by shepherds, fishermen and farmers. Historical references date back to the 9th century, and the breed was formally recognized by the Spanish Kennel Club in the early 20th century. It was introduced to the United Kingdom in the 1930s and to the United States in the 1950s, where it gained AKC recognition in 1975. The breed was developed primarily as a versatile worker capable of herding, driving livestock, retrieving game from water, and guarding property.

General Characteristics

• Medium‑size, sturdy, and well‑balanced with a curly, water‑resistant coat.
• Intelligent, eager to please, and highly trainable, yet can be independent.
• Originally bred for herding, guarding, and water retrieval; today also excels in obedience, agility and assistance work.

Note: While this information reflects current breed standards and widely reported health data, individual dogs may vary. Consult a qualified veterinarian or breed expert for specific advice.

Physical Specifications

• Height: Males 19–22 inches (48–55 cm); Females 17–20 inches (45–50 cm).
• Weight: Males 45–65 lb (20–30 kg); Females 35–55 lb (16–25 kg).

Coat and Color

• Coat is dense, curly to woolly, water‑resistant, and should not exceed 2 inches in length.
• Accepted colors: solid black, solid white, solid brown (liver), or parti (white with black or brown markings). The coat must be solid or parti; merle and brindle are not permitted.

Temperament Considerations

Spanish Water Dogs are energetic and love to work, which makes them highly responsive to positive reinforcement but they may become bored with repetitive tasks. Their strong retrieving instinct can lead to a tendency to carry objects away.

Training Essentials

• Early socialisation with people, children, other dogs and livestock is essential.
• Daily vigorous exercise (minimum 1‒2 hours) combined with mental stimulation prevents destructive behaviour.
• Challenges include occasional stubbornness and a high prey drive; consistent, reward‑based methods work best.

Daily Grooming

• Brush the coat at least once daily with a slicker brush or pin brush to prevent matting.
• Bathing should be done as needed, typically every 4–6 weeks, using a mild dog shampoo to preserve the coat’s natural oils.
• Trim nails regularly and provide weekly dental care such as brushing or dental chews.

Show Preparation

• Begin a full coat trim 2–3 weeks before the show to achieve the required short, even length.
• Perform a final hand‑strip or clip the day before the ring, followed by a light bath and thorough drying.
• Present the dog on a clean, non‑slip mat; ensure the coat lies flat, ears are set correctly, and the tail is carried in a natural, slightly elevated position.

Common Health Issues

• Hip dysplasia – screening by radiograph recommended for breeding stock.
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) – DNA test available; recommended for all dogs.
• Hereditary cataracts – ophthalmologic exam advised.
• Hypothyroidism – routine blood work can detect early signs.
• Addison’s disease and epilepsy have been reported in the breed.

General Care

• Provide at least 1‒2 hours of vigorous exercise daily, including swimming, fetch and agility work.
• Feed a high‑quality, balanced diet appropriate for the dog’s activity level; maintain optimal body condition to reduce joint stress.
• Life expectancy averages 12–14 years with proper care and regular veterinary check‑ups.