Spaniel (Brittany)

Origins and History

The Brittany, originally known as the "Brittany Spaniel," was developed in the Brittany region of north‑western France in the early 19th century. French hunters refined the breed from local spaniels and setters to create a versatile pointing dog. The breed was imported to the United States in the 1880s, where the American Kennel Club recognized it in 1935 as the Brittany (often called the American Brittany). Throughout the 20th century the breed was bred for both field performance and conformation, resulting in the modern sporting dog seen in the ring today.

General Characteristics

• Medium‑sized, athletic build with a balanced, slightly longer than tall silhouette.
• Bright, eager temperament; highly trainable and people‑oriented.
• Originally bred as a versatile gundog for pointing, flushing, and retrieving.

Physical Specifications

• Height (at withers): Males 20‑22 inches (51‑56 cm); Females 19‑21 inches (48‑53 cm).
• Weight: Proportionate to height, typically 30‑40 pounds (13‑18 kg).

Coat and Color

• Coat: Medium‑length, slightly wavy to flat, with a soft undercoat; should lie flat against the body.
• Accepted colors (per AKC/FCI):
  • Orange and white (predominantly orange with white markings).
  • Black and white (predominantly black with white markings).
  • Tri‑color (black, orange, and white).
  • Liver and white (rare, accepted in some registries).

Temperament Considerations

Brittanies are energetic, intelligent, and eager to please, but they also possess a strong prey drive and can become bored without sufficient mental stimulation. Their sociable nature makes them excellent companions, yet they may be sensitive to harsh corrections.

Training Essentials

• Early socialization with people, other dogs, and varied environments.
• Daily vigorous exercise (minimum 1‑2 hours of active work or play) to prevent excess energy.
• Positive‑reinforcement methods work best; avoid punitive techniques.
• Consistent obedience work focusing on recall, heeling, and pointing commands.
• Introduce scent‑work or field trials early to satisfy natural hunting instincts.

Daily Grooming

• Brush 2‑3 times per week with a slicker brush or grooming mitt to remove loose hair and prevent matting.
• Bath as needed; typically every 6‑8 weeks or when the coat becomes soiled.
• Trim feathering on ears, tail, and lower legs for a tidy appearance.
• Check and clean ears weekly to prevent otitis.
• Nail trimming every 3‑4 weeks; dental brushing 2‑3 times weekly.

Show Preparation

• Begin a grooming schedule 2‑3 weeks before the show: regular brushing, ear cleaning, and nail shaping.
• Bath the day before the show using a mild, hypoallergenic shampoo; allow coat to dry completely.
• Apply a light coat spray or conditioner to enhance shine and lay the hair flat.
• Clip feathering to the standard length (approximately 1‑2 cm) using thinning shears.
• Perform a final hand‑strip of the tail and a thorough coat inspection on the day of the ring.

Common Health Issues

• Hip dysplasia – recommended screening via OFA or PennHIP.
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) – DNA test available; annual ophthalmologic exams.
• Epilepsy – monitor for seizure activity; veterinary management as needed.
• Cataracts – routine eye examinations.
• Hypothyroidism – blood work if clinical signs appear.

General Care

• Exercise: Minimum 1‑2 hours of vigorous activity daily; includes off‑lead work, fetch, or agility.
• Nutrition: High‑quality protein‑rich diet appropriate for active medium‑sized dogs; monitor body condition to avoid obesity.
• Lifespan: Typically 12‑14 years with proper care.
• Regular veterinary wellness exams annually, with vaccinations and parasite control.