Shetland Sheepdog

Origins and History

The Shetland Sheepdog, often called the “Sheltie,” originated on the Shetland Islands of Scotland in the 19th century. Bred to herd and protect small ruminants in harsh, windy conditions, the breed descends from Spitz‑type herding dogs brought by Norse settlers and later interbred with the Collie and other British herding types. The first documented show appearance was in the late 1800s, and the breed was officially recognized by the Kennel Club (UK) in 1909 and by the American Kennel Club in 1936.

General Characteristics

• Compact, well‑balanced build with a deep chest and a level topline.
• Intelligent, eager to please, and highly responsive to consistent, positive training.
• Originally a working herding dog; today excels in obedience, agility, and rally competitions.

Disclaimer: While this information reflects current breed standards and veterinary guidance, individual dogs may vary.

Physical Specifications

• Height: Males 13‑16 inches (33‑41 cm); Females 13‑15 inches (33‑38 cm) at the withers.
• Weight: Typically 14‑27 lb (6‑12 kg), proportionate to height and build.
• Body: Deep, slightly longer than tall, with a level topline and strong, well‑angled fore‑ and hind‑quarters.

Coat and Color

• Coat: Double coat; harsh, weather‑resistant outer coat over a soft, dense undercoat. Medium length, feathering on ears, tail, and legs.
• Accepted colors (per AKC/FCI): Sable, tricolor, blue merle, bi‑black, and white markings. All colors must be solid with permissible white patches; merle must be accompanied by a solid base color.

Temperament Considerations

Shelties are naturally alert and possess a strong herding instinct. Their sensitivity makes them responsive to praise but also prone to becoming shy or nervous if training is harsh.

Training Essentials

• Early, consistent socialization with people, children, and other dogs to prevent timidity.
• Daily mental and physical exercise – minimum 1 hour of varied activity (walks, puzzle toys, obedience work).
• Common challenges: tendency to become “over‑focused” on movement, occasional barking, and a desire to herd small animals or children; address with redirection and impulse‑control exercises.

Daily Grooming

• Brush the double coat 2‑3 times per week with a slicker brush or pin brush to remove loose hair and prevent matting.
• Bath as needed (typically every 6‑8 weeks) using a mild dog shampoo; avoid over‑bathing to preserve natural oils.
• Trim nails weekly; check ears for debris and clean gently; brush teeth several times a week or use dental chews.

Show Preparation

• Begin a grooming schedule 3‑4 weeks before the show: regular brushing, a professional hand‑stripping or clipping of the feathering to achieve the “show coat” length.
• One day before the ring, give a light bath, thorough drying, and a final brush to present a glossy, well‑conditioned coat.
• Trim toenails to the optimal length for a clean foot placement; ensure the tail is carried in a natural, slightly curved “sweep” as described in the standard.

Common Health Issues

• Hip dysplasia – screen with OFA or PennHIP radiographs.
• Patellar luxation – especially in smaller individuals.
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) – DNA testing recommended.
• Hereditary cataracts – annual ophthalmologic examination.
• Hypothyroidism and allergic skin disease – monitor thyroid panels and skin health.

General Care

• Exercise: Minimum 1 hour of moderate activity daily; include mental enrichment.
• Nutrition: High‑quality, age‑appropriate diet with balanced protein, omega‑3 fatty acids, and joint‑support supplements for dogs predisposed to dysplasia.
• Lifespan: Typically 12‑14 years; regular veterinary check‑ups and preventive care contribute to longevity.