Scottish Terrier

Origins and History

The Scottish Terrier, often called the "Scottie," originated in the rugged Highlands of Scotland in the 19th century. Developed from the original terrier types used for hunting vermin and foxes in the Scottish Lowlands, the breed was refined by James Hinks of Birmingham, England, who introduced the distinctive wiry coat and compact build. The Scottie was first recognized by the Kennel Club (UK) in 1888 and by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1889. The breed quickly gained popularity as a companion and show dog, famously owned by U.S. Presidents and appearing in numerous films.

General Characteristics

• Compact, sturdy build with a square outline; height at the withers is low to the ground.
• Bold, confident, and independent temperament; keenly alert and often described as "big‑dog in a small‑dog’s body."
• Originally bred for vermin control; today excels in conformation showing, obedience, and as a devoted family pet.

Note: Information provided is intended as a general guide and may not reflect individual variations.

Physical Specifications

• Height (shoulder): Males 10‑11 inches (25‑28 cm); Females 9.5‑10.5 inches (24‑27 cm).
• Weight: Proportionate to height, typically 18‑22 lb (8‑10 kg). The breed should appear solid yet agile.

Coat and Color

• Coat: Double coat with a harsh, wiry outer layer and a soft, dense undercoat. The coat lies close to the body and should be weather‑resistant.
• Accepted colors (per AKC, KC, and FCI): Black, Brindle (black with faint brown striping), and Wheaten (light fawn to golden). No white markings are permitted.

Temperament Considerations

Scotties are intelligent but possess a strong independent streak. They can be wary of strangers and may exhibit "Scottie stubbornness" when training is inconsistent. Early socialization and firm, positive reinforcement are essential to channel their confidence.

Training Essentials

• Socialization: Introduce to a variety of people, animals, and environments from 8 weeks onward.
• Exercise needs: Daily walks and brief play sessions; the breed does not require extensive stamina but benefits from mental stimulation.
• Common training challenges: Tendency to dig, chase small animals, and resist commands if not motivated. Use high‑value treats and short, engaging sessions.

Daily Grooming

• Brushing: Light brushing 2‑3 times per week with a firm‑bristle brush to remove loose hair.
• Bathing: Bathe as needed; avoid over‑bathing to preserve natural oils.
• Nail and dental care: Trim nails every 3‑4 weeks; brush teeth several times weekly or use dental chews.

Show Preparation

• Hand‑stripping: Remove dead outer hairs by hand or with a stripping knife every 4‑6 weeks to maintain the characteristic wiry texture.
• Clipping: If hand‑stripping is not performed, a close clip may be used for a short‑haired appearance, though this is not preferred in the show ring.
• Ring presentation: Clean ears, trim toenails to the ground‑level, and ensure the coat is evenly stripped. Apply a light coat of show spray for a polished finish.

Common Health Issues

• Scottie Cramp: A hereditary neuromuscular disorder causing episodic stiffness; DNA testing is available.
• Von Willebrand Disease (vWD): An inherited bleeding disorder; recommended screening for breeding stock.
• Primary Lens Luxation (PLL): A progressive eye condition leading to cataracts and blindness; regular ophthalmic exams are advised.
• Hip Dysplasia and Patellar Luxation: Orthopedic concerns that can be screened via radiographs.
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) and other hereditary eye diseases: Annual eye exams by a veterinary ophthalmologist are recommended.

General Care

• Exercise requirements: Moderate daily activity; a brisk walk and interactive play keep weight in check.
• Nutritional needs: High‑quality balanced diet appropriate for small to medium breeds; monitor caloric intake to prevent obesity.
• Lifespan considerations: Average lifespan 11‑13 years; regular veterinary check‑ups, dental care, and preventive health screenings extend longevity.