Schapendoes

Origins and History

The Schapendoes originates from the Netherlands where it was developed as a versatile farm dog. The name derives from the Dutch word "schapen" (sheep) and "doos" (spitz), reflecting its herding roots and Spitz‑type appearance. First documented in the early 19th century, the breed was used for driving livestock, guarding property, and performing a variety of farm chores. After a decline in the mid‑20th century, dedicated enthusiasts revived the breed, and it gained recognition by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in 1978 (Standard No. 212).

General Characteristics

• Compact, square‑built dog with a lively, alert expression.
• Intelligent, eager to please, and highly sociable with people and other animals.
• Originally a herding and watchdog breed; today it excels in obedience, agility, and companion roles.

Disclaimer: While this information reflects current breed standards and veterinary literature, individual dogs may vary.

Physical Specifications

• Height at withers: Males 15‑18 in (38‑46 cm); Females 13‑16 in (33‑41 cm).
• Weight: Males 20‑30 lb (9‑14 kg); Females 15‑25 lb (7‑11 kg).
• Body: Square‑proportioned, deep chest, well‑angled shoulders, level topline.
• Head: Slightly rounded skull, dark almond‑shaped eyes, medium‑size ears set high and carried forward.

Coat and Color

• Coat: Double coat – a dense, soft undercoat and a longer, wavy outer coat that lies flat to the body.
• Texture: Straight to slightly wavy, never harsh or wiry; should give a “soft‑silky” appearance.
• Length: Outer coat 1.5‑2 in (4‑5 cm) on the body, longer on the tail and hindquarters.
• Accepted colors: Any solid or parti‑color, with or without white markings. Common shades include black, brown, gray, red, orange, sable, and merle. White may appear as a blaze, collar, or limited markings; extensive piebald patterns are not permitted.

Temperament Considerations

The Schapendoes is an enthusiastic, people‑oriented dog that thrives on mental challenges. Its strong desire to work can lead to barking or herding instincts if not properly directed. Early exposure to a variety of stimuli helps maintain confidence and prevents timidity.

Training Essentials

• Socialization: Begin at 8 weeks with controlled encounters with other dogs, strangers, and varied environments.
• Exercise: Minimum 1‑2 hours of active play or structured work daily; includes off‑lead runs, agility, or herding games.
• Obedience: Positive‑reinforcement methods work best; the breed responds well to clicker training and food rewards.
• Common challenges: Tendency to become vocal when bored, occasional herding of children or other pets, and a need for consistent boundaries.

Daily Grooming

• Brushing: Use a slicker brush or pin brush 2‑3 times per week to remove loose hair and prevent matting.
• Bathing: Bathe as needed (typically every 6‑8 weeks) with a mild canine shampoo; over‑bathing can strip natural oils.
• Nail care: Trim nails every 3‑4 weeks or when they click on a hard surface.
• Dental care: Brush teeth 2‑3 times weekly and provide dental chews to reduce plaque.

Show Preparation

• Pre‑show grooming timeline: Begin a thorough brush‑out 7‑10 days before the show, followed by a light trim of feathering on the ears and tail to meet the standard.
• Bathing: Give a final bath 2‑3 days prior to the ring to allow the coat to settle.
• Ring presentation: Ensure the coat lies flat, ears are clean and set forward, and the dog is trimmed to a neat, even length. Use a light conditioner to enhance sheen without weighing the coat down.

Common Health Issues

• Hip dysplasia – screen breeding stock with hip radiographs.
• Patellar luxation – common in small breeds; regular orthopedic checks recommended.
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) – DNA testing available; responsible breeders screen.
• Epilepsy – hereditary form reported; monitor for seizure activity.
• Hypothyroidism – annual blood work can detect early onset.

General Care

• Exercise: Minimum 1 hour of vigorous activity daily; mental enrichment (puzzle toys, training) is essential.
• Nutrition: High‑quality, age‑appropriate diet with balanced protein, fat, and omega‑3 fatty acids to support coat health and joint integrity.
• Lifespan: Typically 12‑15 years when health issues are managed and a balanced lifestyle is maintained.