Norfolk Terrier

Origins and History

The Norfolk Terrier originated in the early 20th century in the county of Norfolk, England. Bred as a small farm terrier to hunt rodents and vermin, it descended from the earlier “Small Norfolk” and “Irish Terrier” types. The breed was formally recognized by the Kennel Club (UK) in 1932 and by the American Kennel Club in 1936. Throughout the 20th century the Norfolk remained a versatile companion, excelling in both work and show rings.

General Characteristics

• Compact, sturdy build with a square‑proportioned frame
• Lively, bold temperament balanced by affection for family
• Originally bred for vermin control; today prized as a companion and show dog

While the information reflects current breed standards, individual dogs may vary.

Physical Specifications

• Height: 10‑12 inches (25‑30 cm) at the withers for both males and females
• Weight: 11‑12 lb (5‑6 kg) typical; range may extend to 10‑14 lb

Coat and Color

• Harsh, wiry double coat; body hair about ½ inch, longer on face, ears, and legs
• Accepted colors: red, wheaten, black and tan (solid or with a small amount of white on the chest is permissible)

Temperament Considerations

Norfolk Terriers are intelligent and eager but can be independent. Their strong prey drive and confidence may lead to stubbornness if not guided with consistent, positive methods.

Training Essentials

• Early socialization with people, children, and other animals is essential
• Daily mental and physical exercise – 30‑60 minutes of varied activity
• Use reward‑based techniques; avoid harsh corrections which can damage the bond
• Crate training and leash manners benefit from short, frequent sessions

Daily Grooming

• Brush 2‑3 times per week with a stiff‑bristled brush to remove loose hair
• Hand‑strip the wiry coat several times a year for show quality; clipping is acceptable for pet owners
• Bath as needed, using a mild dog shampoo; avoid over‑bathing to preserve coat oils
• Trim nails regularly; check ears for debris and clean weekly
• Brush teeth several times a week or use dental chews

Show Preparation

• Begin hand‑stripping 2‑3 weeks before the show to achieve a dense, uniform coat
• Trim the feathering on the ears, face, and legs to the breed‑standard length
• Bathe the day before the ring, dry thoroughly, and apply a light coat conditioner
• Polish nails and ensure the teeth are clean for a crisp presentation

Common Health Issues

• Patellar luxation (especially Grade I‑II)
• Hip dysplasia (screened in larger litters)
• Hereditary cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy
• Cardiac conditions such as pulmonic stenosis
• Legg‑Calvé‑Perthes disease
• Allergies and skin sensitivities

General Care

• Provide at least 30‑60 minutes of exercise daily to maintain musculoskeletal health
• Feed a high‑quality, age‑appropriate diet; monitor body condition to avoid obesity
• Regular veterinary check‑ups, including annual eye exams (CERF) and orthopedic screening where indicated
• Average lifespan 12‑15 years; proactive care can help maximize longevity