Iceland Sheepdog

Origins and History

The Icelandic Sheepdog (Íslandshundur) is the only native spitz‑type breed of Iceland. Descended from dogs brought by Norse settlers in the 9th–10th centuries, the breed was used for herding sheep, goats, and cattle across the island’s rugged terrain. After centuries of isolation, the breed retained primitive characteristics and a strong working instinct. In the early 20th century, the Icelandic Kennel Club formalized the breed standard (1937), and the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) recognized the breed in Group 1 (Herding) in 1965.

General Characteristics

• Compact, well‑balanced spitz build with a sturdy frame.
• Intelligent, lively, and sociable; eager to please but retains an independent herding drive.
• Originally bred for herding and guarding livestock; today excels in agility, obedience, and companion roles.

Note: While this information reflects the current breed standard, individual dogs may vary.

Physical Specifications

• Height: Males 20‑22 in (51‑56 cm); Females 18‑20 in (46‑51 cm).
• Weight: Males 15‑20 lb (7‑9 kg); Females 13‑18 lb (6‑8 kg).

Coat and Color

• Double coat; medium‑length outer hair that is wavy to slightly curly, with a dense, soft undercoat.
• All solid colors and combinations are accepted, including black, brown, gray, red, tan, and white, with or without white markings. Albinism and merle patterns are not permitted by the FCI standard.

Temperament Considerations

The Icelandic Sheepdog is highly energetic and possesses a strong herding instinct. It thrives on interaction, can become bored without mental challenges, and may try to “drive” other pets or children if not properly directed.

Training Essentials

• Begin socialization by 8 weeks with people, other dogs, and varied environments.
• Provide at least 60 minutes of vigorous exercise daily, combined with puzzle toys or obedience work.
• Use positive‑reinforcement methods; harsh corrections may trigger anxiety or counter‑productive herding behaviors.

Daily Grooming

• Brush 2‑3 times per week with a slicker brush or undercoat rake to remove loose hair and prevent matting.
• Bath as needed; avoid frequent bathing to preserve natural oils.
• Trim nails regularly; check ears for debris and clean gently.
• Brush teeth several times a week or provide dental chews.

Show Preparation

• Begin a full coat brush‑out 7‑10 days before the show to achieve a clean, glossy appearance.
• Trim feathering on the ears, tail, and hindquarters to the length specified in the standard (approximately 1 cm).
• Bathe 24‑48 hours before the ring, allowing the coat to dry naturally.
• Present the dog in a balanced, relaxed stance; the head should be carried level, and the tail set high with a slight curve.

Common Health Issues

• Hip dysplasia – screened by OFA or PennHIP.
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) – DNA test available.
• Hereditary cataracts – regular ophthalmologic exams.
• Hypothyroidism – blood panel screening.
• Epilepsy – may appear in isolated lines.

General Care

• Exercise: Minimum 1 hour of active play or structured work daily; more is ideal for a well‑balanced dog.
• Nutrition: High‑quality protein diet appropriate for a medium‑size, active breed; monitor body condition to avoid obesity.
• Lifespan: Typically 12‑15 years with proper care and regular veterinary examinations.