Finnish Lapphund

Origins and History

The Finnish Lapphund (Suomenlapinkoira) originates from the northern regions of Finland where it was used by the Sami people to herd reindeer. Historical records date the breed to the 16th century, and it was formally recognized by the Finnish Kennel Club in 1901. The breed was refined in the early 20th century to emphasize a balanced temperament, a weather‑resistant double coat, and an alert, cooperative working style. It was admitted to the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in 1965 under Group 1 (Sheepdogs and Cattledogs), Section 1 (Sheepdogs).

General Characteristics

• Medium‑sized, compact, and well‑muscled; a sturdy, agile herding dog.
• Friendly, intelligent, and eager to please; excels in obedience and agility.
• Originally bred for reindeer herding, today also shines in companion roles and various canine sports.

Disclaimer: While the information presented reflects official standards and widely accepted breed data, individual dogs may vary. Always consult a qualified breeder, veterinarian, or breed club for specific guidance.

Physical Specifications

• Height at withers: Males 45–53 cm (17.7–20.9 in), Females 43–51 cm (16.9–20.1 in).
• Weight: Typically 12–20 kg (26–44 lb), proportionate to height and build.

Coat and Color

• Double coat: dense, weather‑resistant outer guard hairs over a soft, insulating undercoat; length medium, lying flat against the body.
• Accepted colors: black, black‑tan, brown, brown‑tan, sable, wolf‑sable, gray, red, cream, and combinations thereof. White markings are permitted but must not dominate the coat.

Temperament Considerations

The Finnish Lapphund is highly sociable and forms strong bonds with its family. Its natural herding instincts translate into a desire to stay close to people and respond to direction. This friendliness can sometimes lead to over‑excitement around strangers, so early, consistent socialisation is essential.

Training Essentials

• Socialisation: expose puppies to a variety of people, animals, sounds, and environments before 16 weeks.
• Exercise: minimum 1 hour of active play or brisk walks daily; mental stimulation through puzzle toys or obedience work is equally important.
• Common challenges: tendency to become "talky" (vocal) when excited and occasional stubbornness in tasks that lack clear purpose. Positive reinforcement and clear, consistent cues work best.

Daily Grooming

• Brushing: use a slicker brush or undercoat rake 2–3 times per week to remove loose hair and prevent matting.
• Bathing: bathe as needed, typically every 6–8 weeks or when the coat becomes notably dirty; use a mild dog shampoo to preserve natural oils.
• Nail and dental care: trim nails regularly (once a month) and brush teeth several times a week or use dental chews.

Show Preparation

• Pre‑show grooming timeline: start a deep undercoat removal (hand‑stripping or thorough brushing) 2 weeks before the show, followed by a light brush the day before.
• Ring presentation tips: ensure the coat lies flat and glossy, the ears are set correctly, and the dog’s gait is balanced and confident. A calm, focused demeanor enhances the overall impression.

Common Health Issues

• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): hereditary retinal degeneration; recommend CERF eye examination and genetic testing.
• Hip Dysplasia: variable prevalence; hip radiographs (OFA or PennHIP) recommended for breeding stock.
• Patellar Luxation: especially in smaller individuals; routine orthopedic checks advisable.
• Hypothyroidism and autoimmune disorders (e.g., Addison’s disease) have been reported; regular blood panels can aid early detection.

General Care

• Exercise requirements: at least 1 hour of moderate to vigorous activity daily; enjoys fetch, hiking, and agility.
• Nutritional needs: high‑quality protein‑rich diet appropriate for the dog’s life stage; monitor body condition to maintain ideal weight.
• Lifespan: typically 12–14 years, with many individuals reaching 15 years when health is well managed.