Collie (Rough)

Origins and History

The Rough Collie originated in the Scottish Highlands where it was used to gather and drive livestock. Selective breeding in the 19th century refined the breed for a longer, more elegant coat and a more refined head, leading to the modern show type. The breed gained worldwide fame after the publication of the novel “Lassie Come-Home” in 1940 and the subsequent film and television series, cementing its image as a loyal family companion.

General Characteristics

• Medium‑large, well‑balanced dog with a rectangular outline and a graceful, athletic carriage.
• Intelligent, eager to please, and highly responsive to consistent, positive training methods.
• Originally bred for herding; today excels in obedience, agility, and rally work as well as in the show ring.

Disclaimer: The information presented reflects the current breed standards of major kennel clubs (e.g., The Kennel Club, FCI) and widely recognized health data. Individual dogs may vary.

Physical Specifications

• Height (withers): Males 24–26 inches (61–66 cm); Females 22–24 inches (56–61 cm).
• Weight: Proportionate to height; typical range 55–70 lb (25–32 kg) for males and 40–55 lb (18–25 kg) for females.
• Body: Deep chest, well‑angled ribs, level topline, strong hindquarters, and a slightly arched neck.

Coat and Color

• Coat: Double coat with a medium‑length, straight to slightly wavy outer coat and a soft, dense undercoat. Feathering on ears, legs, and tail is pronounced.
• Accepted colors (per KC/FCI): Sable (any shade from light to dark), tricolor (black, white, and tan points), blue merle (black/gray merle with white and tan), and pure white. White may appear as a separate color but must be accompanied by the appropriate points as defined by the standard.

Temperament Considerations

Rough Collies are highly sociable and form strong bonds with family members. Their sensitivity makes them responsive to praise but also prone to anxiety if training is harsh or inconsistent. Early exposure to a variety of stimuli helps prevent shyness.

Training Essentials

• Socialization: Introduce to people, other dogs, and novel environments from 8 weeks onward.
• Exercise: Minimum 1 hour of moderate activity daily; includes brisk walks, play, and mental enrichment.
• Common challenges: Tendency toward “soft” obedience (working to please rather than for food) and occasional stubbornness; use reward‑based methods and keep sessions engaging.

Daily Grooming

• Brushing: At least once daily with a slicker brush and a metal comb to remove loose hair and prevent matting.
• Bathing: As needed, typically every 6–8 weeks; use a mild dog shampoo to preserve natural oils.
• Nail and dental care: Trim nails every 3–4 weeks; brush teeth several times weekly or use dental chews.

Show Preparation

• Pre‑show grooming timeline: Begin a thorough brushing regimen 2 weeks before the show, a light trim of feathering 48 hours prior, and a final bath 24 hours before the ring.
• Ring presentation tips: Ensure a smooth, glossy coat with no visible mats, a well‑conditioned tail set in a gentle sweep, and a clean, bright eye surface. The dog should stand squarely with a proud, relaxed expression.

Common Health Issues

• Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) – inherited retinal and optic nerve defect; DNA test available.
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) – late‑onset blindness; DNA screening recommended.
• Multidrug Sensitivity (MDR1 gene mutation) – increased sensitivity to certain ivermectin‑based drugs; genetic test advised.
• Hip Dysplasia – orthopedic condition screened via OFA or PennHIP.
• Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) of the shoulder – common in larger individuals; radiographic screening suggested.

General Care

• Exercise requirements: Daily moderate exercise plus mental tasks (obstacle courses, scent work) to satisfy working instincts.
• Nutritional needs: High‑quality protein diet appropriate for size and activity level; maintain lean body condition to reduce joint stress.
• Lifespan: Typically 12–14 years; regular veterinary check‑ups and preventive care contribute to longevity.