Briard

Origins and History

The Briard originated in the mountainous regions of France, where it was employed by shepherds to guard and move flocks. References to a long‑haired herding dog appear in French literature as early as the 14th century, but the modern breed was refined in the 19th century by French breeders such as M. Jacques de la Roque. The breed was officially recognized by the Société Centrale Canine (SCC) in 1909 and later admitted to the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in Group 1 (Sheepdogs and Cattle Dogs), standard #122.

General Characteristics

• Large, muscular, and square‑built working dog with a strong, slightly arched topline.
• Intelligent, loyal, and protective; forms a close bond with its family and can be wary of strangers.
• Originally bred for livestock guarding, modern Briards excel in obedience, rally, and protection work, as well as serving as family companions.

Physical Specifications

• Height at withers: Males 61‑66 cm (24‑26 in); Females 56‑61 cm (22‑24 in).
• Weight: Males approximately 35‑45 kg (77‑99 lb); Females approximately 30‑40 kg (66‑88 lb). Proportional to height and well‑muscled.

Coat and Color

• Long, double coat with a dense, weather‑resistant undercoat and a harsh, wavy outer coat; fringe on the ears, legs, and tail.
• Accepted solid colors: black, gray, fawn, mahogany, and brindle. Small white markings are permissible only on the chest, paws, or tip of the tail and must not exceed 10 % of the coat.

Temperament Considerations

Briards are highly intelligent and eager to work, but their strong guarding instinct can lead to selective attachment. Early socialization is essential to ensure they are confident around unfamiliar people and animals.

Training Essentials

• Begin socialization from 8 weeks of age; expose to a variety of sights, sounds, and surfaces.
• Provide at least 1‑2 hours of vigorous exercise daily, including obedience drills, agility, or herding simulations.
• Challenges may include stubbornness and a tendency to become overly protective; consistent, reward‑based methods work best.

Daily Grooming

• Brush the coat 2‑3 times per week with a slicker brush and a metal comb to prevent matting, especially on the fringe.
• Bathing only as needed (typically every 6‑8 weeks) to preserve natural oils.
• Trim nails regularly; inspect ears weekly for debris and clean gently.

Show Preparation

• Begin a structured grooming routine 2 weeks before the show: weekly full coat trimming, daily brushing, and a final hand‑stripping of the fringe 24 hours prior to the ring.
• Present the dog in a square, balanced stance; the head should be held high with ears laid back, and the tail carried in a gentle saber shape.

Common Health Issues

• Hip dysplasia – recommended hip radiographs by 12 months.
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) – DNA testing for the RPGR mutation.
• Hereditary cataracts – ophthalmologic exam annually.
• Epilepsy – monitor for seizure activity and consider neurologic evaluation.
• Hypothyroidism – routine blood panel screening.

General Care

• Exercise: Minimum 1‑2 hours of varied activity daily to maintain musculoskeletal health and mental stimulation.
• Nutrition: High‑quality, protein‑rich diet formulated for large, active breeds; adjust caloric intake to maintain optimal body condition.
• Lifespan: Typically 10‑12 years; regular veterinary check‑ups and preventive care extend longevity.