Tibetan Spaniel

Origins and History

The Tibetan Spaniel, despite its name, is not a true spaniel but a companion breed that originated in the Himalayan region of Tibet. Monasteries prized the breed for its alertness and ability to serve as a watchdog, and they were often given as gifts to nobility. The breed was introduced to the West in the early 20th century, with the first documented import to the United Kingdom occurring in 1930 and to the United States in the 1950s. Recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1973, the Tibetan Spaniel is classified in the Non‑Sporting Group.

General Characteristics

• Size and build: Small, compact, and well‑balanced with a slightly rounded skull and a pronounced, flowing mane.
• Temperament highlights: Intelligent, alert, and affectionate; forms strong bonds with family members while remaining wary of strangers.
• Primary breed purpose: Companion and watchdog; historically kept in monasteries to alert monks to visitors.

Physical Specifications

• Height: Males 10‑11 inches (25‑28 cm); Females 9‑10 inches (23‑25 cm)
• Weight: 9‑14 pounds (4‑6 kg) for both sexes

Coat and Color

• Texture and length: Medium‑length double coat; outer coat is straight to slightly wavy, inner coat is soft and dense. A distinctive mane surrounds the neck and chest.
• Accepted colors and patterns: Solid black, solid white, solid gold, solid liver, solid tan, solid red, solid gray, solid apricot, and any of these colors in combination with white (e.g., black and white, gold and white, tricolor). No merle or dilute patterns are permitted under AKC standards.

Temperament Considerations

Tibetan Spaniels are eager to please but possess an independent streak. Their strong attachment to a primary person can lead to shyness around strangers if not properly socialized. Positive reinforcement, consistency, and short, engaging sessions work best.

Training Essentials

• Socialization requirements: Begin early (3‑14 weeks) with exposure to a variety of people, sounds, and environments to prevent over‑protectiveness.
• Exercise needs: Moderate daily activity—15‑30 minutes of brisk walks and brief play sessions. Over‑exertion can stress their small joints.
• Common training challenges: Stubbornness and a tendency to seek attention can cause “talking” or barking. Use firm, calm cues and avoid harsh corrections.

Daily Grooming

• Brushing frequency and tools: Brush 2‑3 times per week with a slicker brush or pin brush to remove loose hair and prevent matting, especially around the mane.
• Bathing requirements: Bathe as needed (typically every 4‑6 weeks) using a mild dog shampoo; avoid over‑bathing to preserve natural oils.
• Nail and dental care: Trim nails every 3‑4 weeks; brush teeth several times a week or provide dental chews to maintain oral health.

Show Preparation

• Pre‑show grooming timeline: Begin a week before the ring by hand‑stripping or gently clipping excess hair to accentuate the mane, followed by a light bath 24‑48 hours prior to the show.
• Ring presentation tips: Keep the coat clean, free of debris, and well‑conditioned to showcase the breed’s characteristic silky texture. Ensure ears are free of excess hair and the tail is carried in a gentle curve over the back.

Common Health Issues

• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA): Inherited degenerative eye disease; recommended ophthalmologic screening of breeding stock.
• Cataracts: Can develop with age; regular eye exams are advised.
• Patellar luxation: Common in small breeds; monitor for intermittent skipping or lameness.
• Hypothyroidism: May cause weight gain and skin changes; routine blood work can detect early.
• Subaortic stenosis (SAS): Congenital heart defect; cardiac evaluation recommended for breeding animals.

General Care

• Exercise requirements: Daily moderate walks and mental enrichment to prevent boredom‑related behaviors.
• Nutritional needs: High‑quality small‑breed formula; maintain body condition score 4‑5/9.
• Lifespan considerations: 12‑16 years; regular veterinary check‑ups, dental care, and weight management contribute to longevity.