Schipperke

Origins and History

The Schipperke originated in Belgium in the 19th century as a farm and water‑retrieving dog. The name derives from the Flemish word “schipper,” meaning “boatman,” reflecting its early role pulling small barges and guarding warehouses. By the early 1900s the breed was refined by Belgian enthusiasts who selected for a compact, black, double‑coated dog with keen alertness. The Schipperke was first recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1973 and is placed in the Non‑Sporting Group.

General Characteristics

• Size and build: Small, sturdy, and well‑balanced with a square‑proportioned frame.
• Temperament highlights: Intelligent, confident, and highly alert; often described as “the little black devil” for its bold personality.
• Primary breed purpose: Originally a farm guardian and barge‑pulling dog; today valued for companionship and as a watchdog.

Disclaimer: While this information reflects current breed standards and veterinary data, individual dogs may vary.

Physical Specifications

• Height: Males 13‑15 inches (33‑38 cm); Females 13‑15 inches (33‑38 cm).
• Weight: 16‑22 pounds (7‑10 kg).
• Body: Square‑shouldered, deep chest, level topline, strong hindquarters.

Coat and Color

• Coat: Double coat with a harsh, wiry outer layer and a soft, dense undercoat; length short to medium, lying close to the body.
• Accepted colors (show): Solid black only. Gray, red, brown, or any markings are not permitted in conformation events.
• Head: Broad skull, dark eyes, erect ears set high; tail carried high, gently curving.

Temperament Considerations

The Schipperke is fearless, curious, and highly independent. Its strong watchdog instinct can lead to vocalization and a tendency to investigate unfamiliar stimuli. Early socialization is essential to temper shyness around strangers and to prevent over‑protectiveness.

Training Essentials

• Socialization requirements: Introduce to a variety of people, animals, sounds, and environments from 8 weeks onward.
• Exercise needs: Minimum 30‑45 minutes of brisk activity daily; mental challenges such as puzzle toys are important.
• Common training challenges: Stubbornness and a desire to work independently; use positive‑reinforcement, short sessions, and consistent cues.

Daily Grooming

• Brushing frequency and tools: Brush 2‑3 times per week with a slicker brush or pin brush to remove loose hair and prevent matting.
• Bathing requirements: Bathe as needed, typically every 4‑6 weeks, using a mild dog shampoo to preserve the coat’s natural oils.
• Nail and dental care: Trim nails weekly or when they click on hard surfaces; brush teeth several times a week and provide dental chews.

Show Preparation

• Pre‑show grooming timeline: Begin a light hand‑stripping or brushing regimen 2‑3 weeks before the show to achieve a crisp, clean coat.
• Ring presentation tips: Keep the coat trimmed only around the paws, ears, and tail base to accentuate the breed’s silhouette; ensure the coat lies flat without excessive clipping.

Common Health Issues

• Patellar luxation (grade I‑III).
• Legg‑Calvé‑Perthes disease.
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) – DNA test available.
• Epilepsy – hereditary predisposition.
• Hip dysplasia – less common but screened in breeding programs.

General Care

• Exercise requirements: Daily moderate exercise; avoid excessive high‑impact activities while joints are still developing.
• Nutritional needs: High‑quality small‑breed formula; maintain lean body condition to reduce joint stress.
• Lifespan considerations: Average 12‑15 years; regular veterinary exams and health‑screening tests extend longevity.

Screening Recommendations

• Orthopedic evaluation (OFA or PennHIP) for hip and elbow health.
• Patellar luxation grading during puppy examinations.
• DNA testing for PRA and epilepsy markers before breeding.