Chinese Shar-pei

Origins and History

The Chinese Shar‑Pei originated in ancient China, with references dating back to the Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). Originally bred as a versatile farm dog, it performed guarding, hunting, and herding duties. The breed nearly disappeared during the Cultural Revolution, but dedicated breeders revived it in the 1970s, leading to its importation into the United States and United Kingdom in the early 1980s.

General Characteristics

• Medium‑size, compact and muscular with a deep chest and a characteristic loose, wrinkled skin.
• Temperament: Loyal, independent, protective of family, often aloof with strangers; requires consistent, positive training.
• Primary breed purpose: Historically a guard and utility dog; today kept as a companion and show dog.

Note: Information presented is intended as general guidance and may not reflect individual variation.

Physical Specifications

• Height at withers: Males 46‑51 cm (18‑20 inches); Females 44‑49 cm (17‑19 inches).
• Weight: Proportionate to height; typical range 18‑30 kg (40‑66 lb). Males often 20‑30 kg, females 18‑25 kg.

Coat and Color

• Coat: Short, bristly, harsh to the touch; lies close to the body.
• Accepted colors: Red, black, fawn, cream, white, and combinations such as fawn with black mask. Solid black, solid red, solid fawn, and solid cream are all permissible. White may appear on the chest, muzzle, and feet but should not dominate the coat.

Temperament Considerations

Shar‑Peis are intelligent but can be stubborn and highly independent. Early socialization is essential to mitigate wariness of strangers. Positive reinforcement combined with firm, consistent leadership yields the best results.

Training Essentials

• Socialization requirements: Introduce to a variety of people, animals, sounds, and environments from 8 weeks onward.
• Exercise needs: Moderate daily activity (30‑60 minutes) to maintain muscle tone without over‑exertion.
• Common training challenges: Tendency to be aloof, occasional guarding aggression, and a strong prey drive; address with controlled exposure and reward‑based methods.

Daily Grooming

• Brushing frequency and tools: Brush once daily with a soft‑bristle brush to remove loose hair and distribute skin oils.
• Bathing requirements: Bathe as needed (generally every 4‑6 weeks) using a mild, hypoallergenic shampoo; avoid over‑bathing to prevent skin dryness.
• Nail and dental care: Trim nails weekly or when they click on hard surfaces; brush teeth several times a week and schedule professional dental cleanings annually.

Show Preparation

• Pre‑show grooming timeline: Begin a thorough wrinkle cleaning regimen 5‑7 days before the show, bathe 48 hours prior, and perform a final brush and coat conditioner the day of the ring.
• Ring presentation tips: Ensure all skin folds are dry and free of debris, clip coat to a uniform short length, and present a balanced, square stance with a high, confident carriage.

Common Health Issues

• Shar‑Pei fever (autoinflammatory disease) – characterized by recurrent fevers and joint swelling.
• Atopic dermatitis and skin fold pyoderma – due to deep wrinkles.
• Hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia – orthopedic concerns common to medium‑sized breeds.
• Eye disorders such as entropion, ectropion, and cataracts.
• Systemic amyloidosis – deposition of amyloid protein in organs.

Screening Recommendations

• Orthopedic screening: OFA or PennHIP hip evaluation; elbow dysplasia radiographs.
• Ophthalmic exam: CERF (Canine Eye Registration Foundation) certification.
• Genetic testing: DNA test for Shar‑Pei fever (if available) and screening for hereditary amyloidosis where offered.
• Regular skin assessments: Clean and inspect folds weekly; seek veterinary care at first sign of redness or discharge.

General Care

• Exercise requirements: Moderate daily walks and play; avoid excessive heat and high‑impact activities.
• Nutritional needs: High‑quality protein diet appropriate for size and activity level; monitor calorie intake to prevent obesity, which can exacerbate joint and skin problems.
• Lifespan considerations: Average lifespan 8‑12 years; regular veterinary check‑ups and preventive care extend quality of life.